Tuesday, 30 June 2026

The Doctor Who Makes Your Watch Strap By Hand

Watch collectors will spend five or six figures on a timepiece without much hesitation. Ask the same collector to pay fairly for a handmade strap, and the mood shifts. Suddenly every dollar gets weighed twice. It is an odd kind of logic, lavish on the watch, reluctant on the hands that finish it. Collectors will rave about how a watch movement is hand finished but pay no due to the hand finished strap. I’d like to share what goes into making a watch strap and the amount of work that needs to be done.

I met Ellis by chance and he just graduated from medical school. He also makes some of the most carefully finished watch straps in Singapore. He does it by hand, in his spare time, because he finds it cathartic. The two facts sit oddly together until you talk to him for an hour. Then they make perfect sense. There is something fitting about a future doctor finding calm in a craft built on steady hands and fine margins. Surgeons measure in millimetres. So does Ellis, with a skiving knife instead of a scalpel - at least for now.

Ellis describes himself modestly. "I am a rather ordinary Singaporean son," he says. He mentions a close-knit extended family he sees often. He plays tennis with friends and travels whenever his schedule allows. Nothing in that description hints at a young man who can saddle stitch at a density most ateliers would envy. But ordinary is rarely the right word for someone who taught himself a centuries-old craft during a military lockdown.

His interest in watches started early. At seven, his grand-aunt gave him a small Finding Nemo timepiece with a blue strap. He still hopes it is somewhere in his closet. Years later, his father gave him a Grand Seiko Snowflake for his 21st birthday. He wears it today. Ask him about grail watches and he lights up. A complicated Patek Philippe sits near the top, ideally the reference 3940. "I read that Philippe Stern wore it as a daily beater, and that would be pretty badass to me," he says. The Philippe Dufour Simplicity is on the list too. Not for its complexity, but for what it represents. Dufour is both owner and craftsman of his own brand. One person carries each piece from concept to finished object. That idea clearly resonates with how Ellis thinks about his own work.

The leather craft itself began almost by accident. Ellis was serving National Service with the Guards corp. COVID lockdowns left him with long stretches of free time and not much to do with it. He wanted a "book-out" bag, the kind every National Servicemen (NSF) carries home on weekends. He wanted it in leather. The maths did not work in his favour. "You can't buy a legitimate leather bag with an NSF's salary," he says, "and so I made one." It sounds almost too neat to be an origin story. But it happens to be true, and it explains a lot about how he works today. He did not start with an apprenticeship handed to him. He started because he was broke, bored, and stubborn enough to figure it out himself.

That first bag led to small leather goods, and eventually to straps. Not by his own initiative, though. A long-time friend and neighbour named Jean asked him to make one. "The first was an abject disaster," Ellis admits, "and thankfully the subsequent straps improved."

That honesty matters. In craft, early failure is not merely common; it is structural. A person can read about saddle stitching, watch videos on skiving, study edge finishing, and absorb all the theory, but the material will still expose the hand. Leather is not infinitely forgiving. Cut a strap too wide or too narrow and the mistake is obvious. Skive too aggressively and the leather weakens. Paint an edge poorly and it shows. Misjudge the thickness, the taper, or the position of a hole and the strap may function, but it will never feel truly right.

He taught himself the rest the way most self-taught makers do today. YouTube tutorials. Forum threads for troubleshooting specific techniques. At one point a Japanese leathercrafting master visited Singapore and ran a course, which Ellis attended. Mostly, though, it came down to repetition. He puts the timeline at two to three years before he made a strap he was genuinely proud of. A useful reminder for anyone who thinks handmade straps are a weekend hobby.

Medicine, by most accounts, leaves little room for anything else. Ellis sees it differently. "I never found it a chore to find time for it," he says of his craft, even when a piece had to be redone and the process turned tiring. He considers it close to necessary, a hobby outside medicine that gave him somewhere else to put his attention. He struggles to relax through conventional means, he admits, things like spas or staycations or simply doing nothing. Working with his hands gives him a different kind of rest, one built on focus rather than idleness. He once read a line that stuck with him. Workers use their hands. Artisans use their hands and their mind. It is not hard to see why that distinction appeals to a doctor who stitches leather on the side.

Now that he has graduated, Ellis plans to keep the craft as a passion. Not a business at scale. "I will let it grow naturally," he says, "as I can control the quality of the products like this." His reasoning is simple. Quality and volume rarely sit comfortably together, and he is not interested in trading one for the other.

His inspiration comes from an unexpected place. Rather than other strap makers, he credits his own clients. They have introduced him to colour combinations and material pairings he would not have chosen on his own. Among established craftsmen, he admires shoemakers more than leather goods makers specifically. He names Noriyuki Misawa and Catella Shoemaker. Shoemaking, in his view, represents leather craft at its most demanding. For bags, he sketches the design and dimensions first. Then the leather itself dictates the final form. A stiff hide suits a structured briefcase. A softer one wants to become a casual tote.

Sourcing is where his geography really shows. Most of his leather comes from Europe, namely Italy, France, and Germany. From Japan he has used wild boar and Kurozan leather, traditionally associated with samurai armour. He finds it genuinely thrilling to work with. He treats sourcing almost like a separate craft in itself, learning which region produces which texture and why. For crocodile, he does not need to look far. He sources from Heng Long, the Singapore tannery known internationally for the quality of its exotic skins. It is worth sitting with that detail. One of the world's most respected crocodile tanneries operates in our own backyard. It supplies a young Singaporean craftsman working out of, by his own admission, a fairly modest setup.

Ask Ellis what he looks for in a hide and he gets precise quickly. He insists on full grain leather only. Never the lower grade marketed deceptively as "genuine leather," which cracks over time under a painted finish. With full grain, he checks the animal's scarring and the thickness of the hide. He also checks whether the colour has been dyed evenly or looks artificial. For exotic skins, scale symmetry and size matter just as much, particularly because a strap is small. "Generally, the pattern cannot be too large," he explains, "otherwise it cannot be seen on a piece of leather as small as a strap." The hide also has to be thin enough to work with. That is where a skiving machine comes in.

Among all the leathers he works with, crocodile is his clear favourite. "The scales are so beautiful," he says, "and they require pattern matching which is really challenging but satisfying at the end." Getting the scale pattern to align cleanly across a strap is invisible to most wearers. It is obvious to anyone who has tried to do it themselves.

What separates a great strap from a merely decent one, in his view, comes down to fit and finishing. Every wrist is different, and a strap that ignores that will never sit right. Beyond fit, he points to construction quality. High wear points should be reinforced, either through stitching or non-stretch materials. His own hand stitching, the traditional saddle stitch, is dense and consistently angled. He pays close attention to skiving too, the thinning of leather edges before they are joined. Run a finger over a well-skived joint, he says, and you should not feel it at all.

Edge finishing gets particular care. Ellis uses a heated tool, which he calls a filetuse, to crease and seal each edge. It serves water resistance and appearance both. He does this on both sides of the strap, a step he notes many artisans skip. He also runs the iron over each edge twice, for a sharper, cleaner line. A single strap takes him about six hours, start to finish. His tool kit includes a penknife, a skiving knife, and pricking irons for hand stitching holes. There are sewing needles, the filetuse, and others that, in his words, go on and on.

Looking ahead, Ellis has been spending more time on bags. He wants to push further into original designs. The balance is tricky: creative enough to feel original, classic enough to last. He is not willing to compromise on craftsmanship to get there. One material is still on his list. He has not yet worked with elephant leather. He thinks it could make a striking briefcase or a large duffel bag.

As for where this all goes, his answer is unmistakably his own. His dream is quietly romantic: perhaps a little atelier somewhere beautiful, such as Joo Chiat or one of Singapore’s conservation shophouses. “Who knows,” he adds, “maybe in a little street in Paris as well.”

I like that image.

Not because every young maker needs a Parisian ending, but because the dream tells us something about how Ellis sees the work. The atelier is not imagined as a factory. It is imagined as a place with atmosphere, with light, with material, with time. A place where straps and bags are made properly. A place where the customer can understand that the object did not simply appear from a catalogue, but passed through the hands and judgement of a person.

For now, between hospital shifts and a workbench somewhere in Singapore, Ellis keeps stitching. Six hours at a time, twice over on every edge. For clients who will likely never know just how much went into the leather on their wrist. He started because he could not afford to buy what he wanted. He kept going because his hands needed something his medical books could not give him. Whatever comes next for Ellis, doctor and craftsman, it will almost certainly be made slowly, and made well.

Friday, 19 June 2026

IWC Portugieser Ref. 5441 – A Jubilee Rooted in Purpose

The IWC Portugieser Reference 5441 was introduced in 1993 to mark the 125th anniversary of IWC Schaffhausen, and in many ways, it stands as one of the most honest commemorative watches the brand has ever produced. Rather than relying on novelty or complication, IWC chose to celebrate this milestone by returning to first principles – scale, legibility, and mechanical integrity – the very traits that defined the original Portugieser watches of the late 1930s.

The Anniversary Piece

Those who know IWC's roots know them as International Watch Company back then. Established in 1868 in Schaffhausen by American Florentine Ariosto Jones, 1993 was their 125th Anniversary and this Portuguese Jubilee was released to commemorate the occasion.

A Full Lineage: 1930s Originals, the Ref. 5441, and the Modern Portugieser

To understand the Ref 5441, one has to revisit the roots of the Portugieser or originally called the Portuguese which is a name I'm more familiar with. IWC calls the watch "Portugieser" rather than "Portuguese" to align with its German-speaking heritage in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, where "Portugieser" is the German word for Portuguese. While often referred to in English as the "Portuguese" for decades, IWC officially changed the name to "Portugieser" in 2015 to honor the original 1939 German designation of the watch, which was commissioned by Portuguese importers.

The Portugieser story begins not on the wrist but on the dockside. In the late 1930s, two Portuguese merchants, Rodrigues and Teixeira, walked into IWC with a clear, unfussy brief: give us wristwatches that keep time like marine chronometers. IWC responded with what would become the first Portugieser references – oversized cases (by the standards of the era), dial layouts borrowed from marine instruments, a straightforward regulator-style presentation, and the finest hand-wound pocket-watch calibres adapted for wrist use. These early pieces were not fashion statements; they were tools – instruments built for purpose, legibility, and precision.

1930s Portugieser — The Original Inspiration

The original Portugieser references were defined by a handful of unmistakable traits:

  • Large, flat, and highly legible dials, often with railway minute tracks and simple Arabic numerals
  • Leaf (feuille) hands for clarity
  • Large pocket-watch-derived calibres, mounted flat rather than forced into smaller wristwatch layouts
  • A no-nonsense aesthetic that demanded legibility and accuracy above decorative flourish

These first Portugieser watches were a clear signal that wristwatch design could be instrumental, not just ornamental – a radical idea in an era when most watches were still small and domestically scaled.

Ref. 5441 — A Jubilee with a Historical Pulse

Fast-forward to 1993, and IWC chose to honour its heritage on its 125th anniversary with the Portugieser Ref. 5441. Rather than rehash or reinterpret, IWC deliberately returned to the movement logic of the original Portugieser: large, manually wound, and engineered with the solidity of a pocket watch.

The Calibre 982 in an IWC pocket watch...

The calibre 9828 in the 5441 is not a scaled-down wristwatch calibre masquerading as something great; it is a true descendant of the pocket-watch family that made IWC notable in the first place – wide-spanning bridges, substantial balance wheel, and a visual language of classical mechanics.

Just like the originals, the 5441’s dial prioritises legibility and proportion first, with no compromise for trends or niche complication narratives.

Perhaps even more charming is the use of the cursive “International Watch Company” on the movement – a typeface that evokes a period when branding was subtle and craftsmanship spoke louder than logos. It feels like a deliberate echo of the watchmaker’s past, a reminder that the Portugieser was born from utility and restraint.

A Signature Lost to Time — The Cursive Inscription

What makes the Portugieser Ref. 5441 especially compelling is how seamlessly it connects IWC’s past to its modern identity.

The clean dial, feuille hands, applied numerals, and restrained subsidiary seconds layout all reference early Portugieser designs, yet the execution feels timeless rather than nostalgic. There is no attempt to modernise the watch through unnecessary embellishment; instead, the Ref. 5441 trusts the strength of its proportions and mechanics to carry the design.

One of the most charming details of the Portugieser Ref. 5441 is the cursive “International Watch Company” signature on the movement – a typographic detail that quietly anchors the watch in another era.

This flowing script recalls a time when brand identity was expressed with restraint and elegance, long before the modern abbreviation to “IWC” became standard. Today, that cursive signature is no longer used, making its presence here feel especially poignant (what a waste IMHO!). It serves as a visual reminder that the Ref. 5441 was conceived not as a modern reinterpretation, but as a respectful continuation of IWC’s historical language – mechanical, aesthetic, and philosophical.

A Movement with a Past — Calibre 9828

At the heart of the Portugieser Ref. 5441 lies the calibre 9828, a movement whose origins trace back to IWC’s long tradition of high-grade pocket watches. Rather than developing a new calibre purely for commemorative appeal, IWC deliberately chose a movement rooted in its historical strengths.

The 9828 is large, manually wound, and unapologetically classical – a calibre designed for stability, longevity, and precision rather than compactness. Its architecture reflects a time when movements were built with generous dimensions, slow-beating balances, and broad bridges, prioritising reliability and ease of service over miniaturisation.

The calibre 9828 is a study in classical watchmaking architecture. Derived from IWC’s renowned pocket-watch lineage, it features large bridges, a slow and steady beat rate, and a visual layout that prioritises clarity over flourish.

The expansive balance, deep anglage, polished screw heads, and warm gilt engravings speak to an era when movements were built to be serviced for generations rather than decorated for spectacle. Viewed through the sapphire caseback, the movement fills the case completely, reinforcing the sense that this watch was designed from the inside out.

From Pocket Roots to Modern Icons — The Portugieser Through Time

After the Portugieser Ref. 5441 debuted in 1993 as IWC’s earnest tribute to its heritage and technical seriousness, the Portugieser family evolved dramatically in design, function, and audience. Later contemporary Portugieser models – from the Automatic and Chronograph to the Annual Calendar and Perpetual Calendar variants – shifted away from the pocket-watch ethos that defined the early pieces.

The Portugieser Automatic 7 Days...

Modern Portugieser references generally use in-house automatic movements, exhibit larger diameters, and embrace complications as part of a broader luxury sport-dress narrative. Models like the Portugieser Chronograph, with its clean bi-compax layout, and the Portugieser Automatic (7 Days), are expressions of 21st-century watchmaking that prioritise convenience and contemporary aesthetics.

While these watches honour the original Portugieser design language – clean dials, slender feuille hands, and articulate Arabic numerals – the movements themselves are now centre-rotor automatics, configured for everyday wear rather than workshop-style regulation. The deliberate, classical mechanics of a manually wound calibre like the 9828 are no longer the standard; instead, the focus lies on practicality and technical breadth.

Yet for many collectors, this evolution – while exciting – left a longing for a very specific kind of Portugieser: the one with pocket-watch proportions, classical movement layout, and mechanical solemnity. This sentiment was recognised by Revolution Magazine, who collaborated with IWC to revisit the essence of the Ref. 5441 and produce a special 10-piece limited edition that paid homage to its lineage.

Revolution’s limited-run celebration did not simply reissue the original design; it reaffirmed the concept that made the 5441 special in the first place – a large manually wound calibre inspired by traditional pocket watches, displayed with architectural purity and historical humility. In doing so, it reminded the horological community why the early Portugieser models are considered more than just historical curiosities: they are statement pieces about mechanical honesty and purposeful design, standing in elegant contrast to their more complicated and commercially broad successors.

In Conclusion

For collectors who have lived with the Portugieser story long enough to own a Ref. 5441, this watch represents more than a reference number or anniversary footnote – it is a distilled expression of IWC’s original intent. In an era when watches are often valued as assets before they are appreciated as instruments, the 5441 gently invites a different approach. Its large, manually wound pocket-derived movement was never meant to sit dormant in a safe; it was designed to be wound, observed, and worn, its slow mechanical rhythm a reminder of a time when precision was achieved through scale and discipline rather than silicon and speed. To take a Ref. 5441 out of storage and place it on the wrist is not an act of neglecting preservation, but one of honouring history – allowing the watch to do exactly what it was built to do. For those who understand its lineage, wearing the 5441 is not about nostalgia; it is about continuity, and the quiet satisfaction of keeping a living chapter of horological heritage alive.